Application in Russian: what it means, where it is placed, how it is written

Gramota.ru

Platforms : web.

If you are in doubt about how to write a particular word, you can always check it on the old and respected portal “Gramota.ru”. To do this, the site has a search form for web dictionaries. In addition, Gramota.ru offers visitors a text course “Tutor Online” with spelling and punctuation rules, as well as interactive dictations and other tasks to reinforce the material covered.

"Gramota.ru" →

Tongue glasar

Platforms : iOS.

This program, in the creation of which teachers from St. Petersburg State University participated, is an original collection of short articles about the history, syntax, phonetics, stylistics and other sections of the Russian language.

Due to the hyperlinks that connect the texts, the application resembles Wikipedia. After launch, the wonderful design catches your eye: for such programs it looks very unusual.

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Tongue glasar

Developer: Astroshock LLC

Price: Free

When to write a hyphen

Often, if a single clause and a defined noun are common nouns, then a hyphen is “assigned” between them. For example: winter sorceress, hero city, teenage boys, design engineer, cabbage butterfly, French scientist, etc. A hyphen is also written if the appendix is a noun, a proper name, standing before the defined common noun: Baikal-lake, Moscow-river, Astrakhan-city.

In the case when their position relative to each other changes, the hyphen is not written: the Moscow River, Lake Baikal, the city of Astrakhan. And finally, a hyphen is used if the defined noun and the application represent one complex intonational-semantic core: Rockefeller Sr., Dumas the Father, Ivan the Fool.

True words

Platforms : web.

Children's interactive Russian language textbook. Accessible and fun materials from this resource, written by professional teachers, will help your child fill in the knowledge gaps in the school curriculum.

The site uses game mechanics and bright design to involve the child in the educational process and teach him to write without mistakes. The system evaluates students using tests and provides parents with statistics on progress. The site is paid, but trial lessons are freely available.

“True words” →

Russian language - literate

Platforms : Android, iOS.

This program contains more than 16,000 test tasks in spelling, punctuation and other areas of linguistics. According to the developer, Russian language experts took part in drawing up the questions. When faced with a difficult test, you can request help - the program will display the theory section associated with the question.

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Russian language - literate, preparation for the Unified State Exam, CT

Developer: (Andrei & Aleksandr Krupiankou)

Price: Free

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Russian language - literate

Developer: Genioworks Consulting & It-Services UG (haftungsbeschrankt)

Price: 299 rubles

Application in Russian. Application as a type of definition in Russian

The topic of this lesson is “Applications”, during which the essence of the concept, its properties, and use in the Russian language are revealed. Being a special type of definition, applications can also be consistent or inconsistent. In addition, you will become familiar with how applications are emphasized in writing.

Topic: Secondary members of a sentence

2. Complete academic reference book edited by Lopatin ().

1. Highlight the words and applications to be defined, add a hyphen where necessary:

Mount Kazbek, Lake Baikal, voivode frost, design engineer, Anika warrior, self-taught artist, old watchman, Ivanushka the Fool, boletus mushroom, portrait artist, rhinoceros beetle, hermit crab, toolmaker, woman doctor, therapist, Moscow River, Mother Rus' , poor peasant, poor peasant, floss threads, skilled cook, skilled cook, heroic artilleryman, little orphan, old father, drunkard watchman, drunkard watchman, construction engineer, Moscow city, Moscow city, Dumas son, gentleman officer, bomber plane, bird chaffinch, comrade general, general Ivanov, rooster fighter, newspaper “Teacher”, Lake Ritsa, village of Krutovka, box houses.

Topic: Secondary members of a sentence

2. Complete academic reference book edited by Lopatin ().

1. Highlight the words and applications to be defined, add a hyphen where necessary:

An appendix is, in a sense, an addition to a noun that gives “explanatory meaning.” The application acts as an explanation of the noun. There is also a second definition: Application is some kind of definition.

Let's look at an example application:

A golden cloud spent the night on the chest of a giant rock

Spelling

Platforms : web.

"Spelling" allows you to improve your command of the Russian language in practice. If you have to write a lot of texts, then you can check them in this service. The system analyzes what is written taking into account numerous language norms, indicates errors and displays the rules associated with them. The service operates on a paid subscription basis, but the cost of the tariffs is unlikely to scare away an interested user.

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The application is separated by commas

The application is separated by commas	Examples
If it comes after the word being defined	Dina, a high school student in our town, was a very sweet and kind girl who loved to draw. — This point is similar to the examples given above. My grandmother, a teacher, knew five languages, which she spoke without an accent.
If it is a phrase with the word like	As a person with a huge library of ancient Russian literature, my mother was invited to give a lecture at the capital's university. - Please note that this is NOT a comparative turnover.
If it clarifies any information or shows a sign	Citizen Ivan Drozdov, a famous Soviet test pilot, was awarded an award for his courage in wartime. — In this case, the application clarifies that Ivan Drozdov is not just some citizen, but a famous Soviet test pilot. Parsley, a boy, once decided to outsmart the neighbor's dog, but it turned out to be quicker and picked up Parsley's trouser leg.
If the application contains words such as “by origin”, “by birth”, “by name”, “by profession”, “by nickname”, “by surname” and so on	My first wife, English by birth, was a very reserved and calm woman. That little boy, from a godforsaken village, was very good at drawing and putting buttons on teachers' chairs.
If it refers to a pronoun	I, a person of humanistic views, cannot close my eyes to what is happening in this institution. They, lovers of sweet strawberries, decided to climb over the neighbor’s fence and pick up a whole basket of other people’s berries.

These were the main cases of separating common applications using a comma.

Interactive dictation

Platforms : web.

Dictations based on the works of outstanding Russian writers appear on this resource of the City Methodological Center of the Moscow Department of Education. Each text has gaps - you need to insert the missing characters, choosing them from the options provided. Upon completion, the system counts the number of errors made and displays the result.

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Spelling

Platforms : Android, iOS.

“Spelling” is a program from the developer of the already mentioned “Punctuation”. The applications are very similar, but if the previous one was devoted to punctuation marks, then this helps improve your spelling skills.

The system shows sentences with missing letters. You fill in the blanks, and the app points out your mistakes and provides spelling rules associated with them.

25 offers are available to every user for free. A few hundred more can be purchased for a small amount.

↑ Coordinated and non-coordinated applications

Depending on the agreement/inconsistency with the defined word in the case of the application, there are agreed (Murke's cat, correspondence students) and inconsistent (most often the names of inanimate objects, works, varieties).
Inconsistent applications are most often written in quotation marks. The agreed applications are close in syntactic meaning to typical definitions (naughty boy - naughty boy: good-natured neighbor - good neighbor). In inconsistent applications, various types of names are not consistent: geographical names (mountains, lakes, islands) and nicknames, names of newspapers, magazines, works, institutions, some cities and towns. Near Mount Everest, on Lake Ilmen, behind the island of Spitsbergen

.
Most often, names in quotation marks do not agree. Geographical names (names of places and natural objects) can be consistent or inconsistent: Examples: In the city of Paris. On the Moscow River BUT To the planet Mars, on Lake Baikal

Write faster!

Platforms : web.

On this site you will find a small online course designed to combat cliches, cumbersome speech patterns and other bureaucracy. The material is not only stylishly designed, but also beautifully written. So, in addition to the benefits, you will probably also get aesthetic pleasure. The content was created by editor Timur Anikin in collaboration with art director Alexey Shepelin.

If you like it, you can sign up for an extended paid version of the course with a teacher.

“Write more vividly!” →

Examples of isolated applications with dashes.

As it turned out above, an application can also be isolated using a dash. There are also several conditions here.

For a separate application, a dash is inserted:

if it comes at the end of a sentence and denotes clarification, clarification and completeness:
Since childhood, my little sister loved to photograph various plants, she especially liked the flower - violet.
if the words “namely”, “that is” can be placed in front of the application, but the meaning of the sentence does not change in any way:
Do you remember that strange man - the professor who wanted to teach us how to properly brew chamomile root - I heard that he will be giving lectures with us next semester.

Education in Russian

Platforms : web.

On the website of the Education in Russian project, interactive courses of varying complexity are available: from elementary to advanced levels. First of all, the material is designed for everyone who studies Russian as a foreign language. But the content will also be useful to native speakers who want to refresh or deepen their knowledge of their native grammar and vocabulary. The project belongs to the State Institute of Russian Language named after. A. S. Pushkin.

“Education in Russian” →

↑ Application examples:

I went to the Mother Volga, to the Oka-nurse.
(I. Turgenev);
And so he comes to the tower where he hid the beauty princess
(M. Lermontov);
Now he looked like a commercial hunter
(K. Aksakov);
Near the river we met a familiar French tutor
(A. Herzen);
The magazine “Sovremennik” published the story of the same author “Bezrassveta”
(V. Belinsky).

The application can be expressed by nouns that have lost their specific meaning (man, people, people, women, business). They will definitely have explanatory words with characteristics (Pavel, a man with glasses, with big ears, often came to us from the city. Applications can be widespread, and also form homogeneous rows.